feat: first commit

lupos/.cargo/config.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[unstable]
+build-std-features = ["compiler-builtins-mem"]
+build-std = ["core", "compiler_builtins", "alloc"]
+
+[build]
+target = "x86_64-lupos.json"
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "none")']
+runner = "bootimage runner"

lupos/Cargo.lock

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 3
+
+[[package]]
+name = "autocfg"
+version = "1.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0c4b4d0bd25bd0b74681c0ad21497610ce1b7c91b1022cd21c80c6fbdd9476b0"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bit_field"
+version = "0.10.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dc827186963e592360843fb5ba4b973e145841266c1357f7180c43526f2e5b61"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bitflags"
+version = "1.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bef38d45163c2f1dde094a7dfd33ccf595c92905c8f8f4fdc18d06fb1037718a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bitflags"
+version = "2.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cf4b9d6a944f767f8e5e0db018570623c85f3d925ac718db4e06d0187adb21c1"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bootloader"
+version = "0.9.29"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "365861702868e2a37b4247aaecc7bd8f4389baec8d025497ad8ba7ff37ee9440"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "lazy_static"
+version = "1.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e2abad23fbc42b3700f2f279844dc832adb2b2eb069b2df918f455c4e18cc646"
+dependencies = [
+ "spin",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "linked_list_allocator"
+version = "0.9.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "549ce1740e46b291953c4340adcd74c59bcf4308f4cac050fd33ba91b7168f4a"
+dependencies = [
+ "spinning_top",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "lock_api"
+version = "0.4.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "07af8b9cdd281b7915f413fa73f29ebd5d55d0d3f0155584dade1ff18cea1b17"
+dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
+ "scopeguard",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "lupos"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "bootloader",
+ "lazy_static",
+ "linked_list_allocator",
+ "pc-keyboard",
+ "pic8259",
+ "spin",
+ "uart_16550",
+ "volatile 0.2.7",
+ "x86_64",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pc-keyboard"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5c6f2d937e3b8d63449b01401e2bae4041bc9dd1129c2e3e0d239407cf6635ac"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pic8259"
+version = "0.10.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cb844b5b01db1e0b17938685738f113bfc903846f18932b378bc0eabfa40e194"
+dependencies = [
+ "x86_64",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rustversion"
+version = "1.0.17"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "955d28af4278de8121b7ebeb796b6a45735dc01436d898801014aced2773a3d6"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "scopeguard"
+version = "1.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "94143f37725109f92c262ed2cf5e59bce7498c01bcc1502d7b9afe439a4e9f49"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "spin"
+version = "0.5.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6e63cff320ae2c57904679ba7cb63280a3dc4613885beafb148ee7bf9aa9042d"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "spinning_top"
+version = "0.2.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5b9eb1a2f4c41445a3a0ff9abc5221c5fcd28e1f13cd7c0397706f9ac938ddb0"
+dependencies = [
+ "lock_api",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "uart_16550"
+version = "0.2.19"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "614ff2a87880d4bd4374722268598a970bbad05ced8bf630439417347254ab2e"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
+ "rustversion",
+ "x86_64",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "volatile"
+version = "0.2.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f6b06ad3ed06fef1713569d547cdbdb439eafed76341820fb0e0344f29a41945"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "volatile"
+version = "0.4.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "442887c63f2c839b346c192d047a7c87e73d0689c9157b00b53dcc27dd5ea793"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "x86_64"
+version = "0.14.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "96cb6fd45bfeab6a5055c5bffdb08768bd0c069f1d946debe585bbb380a7c062"
+dependencies = [
+ "bit_field",
+ "bitflags 2.5.0",
+ "rustversion",
+ "volatile 0.4.6",
+]

lupos/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+[package]
+name = "lupos"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[[test]]
+name = "should_panic"
+harness = false
+
+[[test]]
+name = "stack_overflow"
+harness = false
+
+[dependencies]
+bootloader = { version = "0.9", features = ["map_physical_memory"] }
+volatile = "0.2.6"
+spin = "0.5.2"
+x86_64 = "0.14.2"
+uart_16550 = "0.2.0"
+pic8259 = "0.10.1"
+pc-keyboard = "0.5.0"
+linked_list_allocator = "0.9.0"
+
+[dependencies.lazy_static]
+version = "1.0"
+features = ["spin_no_std"]
+
+
+[package.metadata.bootimage]
+test-args = [
+    "-device",
+    "isa-debug-exit,iobase=0xf4,iosize=0x04",
+    "-serial",
+    "stdio",
+    "-display",
+    "none",
+]
+test-success-exit-code = 33 # (0x10 << 1) | 1

lupos/src/allocator.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+
+use alloc::alloc::{GlobalAlloc, Layout};
+use core::ptr::null_mut;
+use bump::BumpAllocator;
+use x86_64::{
+    structures::paging::{
+        mapper::MapToError, FrameAllocator, Mapper, Page, PageTableFlags, Size4KiB,
+    },
+    VirtAddr,
+};
+
+
+pub mod bump;
+pub mod fixed_size_block;
+pub mod linked_list;
+
+pub const HEAP_START: usize = 0x_4444_4444_0000;
+pub const HEAP_SIZE: usize = 100 * 1024; // 100 KiB
+
+#[global_allocator]
+static ALLOCATOR: Locked<BumpAllocator> = Locked::new(BumpAllocator::new());
+
+pub fn init_heap(
+    mapper: &mut impl Mapper<Size4KiB>,
+    frame_allocator: &mut impl FrameAllocator<Size4KiB>,
+) -> Result<(), MapToError<Size4KiB>> {
+    let page_range = {
+        let heap_start = VirtAddr::new(HEAP_START as u64);
+        let heap_end = heap_start + HEAP_SIZE - 1u64;
+        let heap_start_page = Page::containing_address(heap_start);
+        let heap_end_page = Page::containing_address(heap_end);
+        Page::range_inclusive(heap_start_page, heap_end_page)
+    };
+
+    for page in page_range {
+        let frame = frame_allocator
+            .allocate_frame()
+            .ok_or(MapToError::FrameAllocationFailed)?;
+        let flags = PageTableFlags::PRESENT | PageTableFlags::WRITABLE;
+        unsafe { mapper.map_to(page, frame, flags, frame_allocator)?.flush() };
+    }
+
+    unsafe {
+        ALLOCATOR.lock().init(HEAP_START, HEAP_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub struct Dummy;
+
+unsafe impl GlobalAlloc for Dummy {
+    unsafe fn alloc(&self, _layout: Layout) -> *mut u8 {
+        null_mut()
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn dealloc(&self, _ptr: *mut u8, _layout: Layout) {
+        panic!("dealloc should be never called")
+    }
+}
+
+/// A wrapper around spin::Mutex to permit trait implementations.
+pub struct Locked<A> {
+    inner: spin::Mutex<A>,
+}
+
+impl<A> Locked<A> {
+    pub const fn new(inner: A) -> Self {
+        Locked {
+            inner: spin::Mutex::new(inner),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn lock(&self) -> spin::MutexGuard<A> {
+        self.inner.lock()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Align the given address `addr` upwards to alignment `align`.
+///
+/// Requires that `align` is a power of two.
+fn align_up(addr: usize, align: usize) -> usize {
+    (addr + align - 1) & !(align - 1)
+}

lupos/src/allocator/bump.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+use super::{align_up, Locked};
+use alloc::alloc::{GlobalAlloc, Layout};
+use core::ptr;
+
+pub struct BumpAllocator {
+    heap_start: usize,
+    heap_end: usize,
+    next: usize,
+    allocations: usize,
+}
+
+impl BumpAllocator {
+    /// Creates a new empty bump allocator.
+    pub const fn new() -> Self {
+        BumpAllocator {
+            heap_start: 0,
+            heap_end: 0,
+            next: 0,
+            allocations: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Initializes the bump allocator with the given heap bounds.
+    ///
+    /// This method is unsafe because the caller must ensure that the given
+    /// memory range is unused. Also, this method must be called only once.
+    pub unsafe fn init(&mut self, heap_start: usize, heap_size: usize) {
+        self.heap_start = heap_start;
+        self.heap_end = heap_start.saturating_add(heap_size);
+        self.next = heap_start;
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl GlobalAlloc for Locked<BumpAllocator> {
+    unsafe fn alloc(&self, layout: Layout) -> *mut u8 {
+        let mut bump = self.lock(); // get a mutable reference
+
+        let alloc_start = align_up(bump.next, layout.align());
+        let alloc_end = match alloc_start.checked_add(layout.size()) {
+            Some(end) => end,
+            None => return ptr::null_mut(),
+        };
+
+        if alloc_end > bump.heap_end {
+            ptr::null_mut() // out of memory
+        } else {
+            bump.next = alloc_end;
+            bump.allocations += 1;
+            alloc_start as *mut u8
+        }
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn dealloc(&self, _ptr: *mut u8, _layout: Layout) {
+        let mut bump = self.lock(); // get a mutable reference
+
+        bump.allocations -= 1;
+        if bump.allocations == 0 {
+            bump.next = bump.heap_start;
+        }
+    }
+}

lupos/src/allocator/fixed_size_block.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+use super::Locked;
+use alloc::alloc::{GlobalAlloc, Layout};
+use core::{
+    mem,
+    ptr::{self, NonNull},
+};
+
+/// The block sizes to use.
+///
+/// The sizes must each be power of 2 because they are also used as
+/// the block alignment (alignments must be always powers of 2).
+const BLOCK_SIZES: &[usize] = &[8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048];
+
+/// Choose an appropriate block size for the given layout.
+///
+/// Returns an index into the `BLOCK_SIZES` array.
+fn list_index(layout: &Layout) -> Option<usize> {
+    let required_block_size = layout.size().max(layout.align());
+    BLOCK_SIZES.iter().position(|&s| s >= required_block_size)
+}
+
+struct ListNode {
+    next: Option<&'static mut ListNode>,
+}
+
+pub struct FixedSizeBlockAllocator {
+    list_heads: [Option<&'static mut ListNode>; BLOCK_SIZES.len()],
+    fallback_allocator: linked_list_allocator::Heap,
+}
+
+impl FixedSizeBlockAllocator {
+    /// Creates an empty FixedSizeBlockAllocator.
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        const EMPTY: Option<&'static mut ListNode> = None;
+        FixedSizeBlockAllocator {
+            list_heads: [EMPTY; BLOCK_SIZES.len()],
+            fallback_allocator: linked_list_allocator::Heap::empty(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Initialize the allocator with the given heap bounds.
+    ///
+    /// This function is unsafe because the caller must guarantee that the given
+    /// heap bounds are valid and that the heap is unused. This method must be
+    /// called only once.
+    pub unsafe fn init(&mut self, heap_start: usize, heap_size: usize) {
+        self.fallback_allocator.init(heap_start, heap_size);
+    }
+
+    /// Allocates using the fallback allocator.
+    fn fallback_alloc(&mut self, layout: Layout) -> *mut u8 {
+        match self.fallback_allocator.allocate_first_fit(layout) {
+            Ok(ptr) => ptr.as_ptr(),
+            Err(_) => ptr::null_mut(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl GlobalAlloc for Locked<FixedSizeBlockAllocator> {
+    unsafe fn alloc(&self, layout: Layout) -> *mut u8 {
+        let mut allocator = self.lock();
+        match list_index(&layout) {
+            Some(index) => {
+                match allocator.list_heads[index].take() {
+                    Some(node) => {
+                        allocator.list_heads[index] = node.next.take();
+                        node as *mut ListNode as *mut u8
+                    }
+                    None => {
+                        // no block exists in list => allocate new block
+                        let block_size = BLOCK_SIZES[index];
+                        // only works if all block sizes are a power of 2
+                        let block_align = block_size;
+                        let layout = Layout::from_size_align(block_size, block_align).unwrap();
+                        allocator.fallback_alloc(layout)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            None => allocator.fallback_alloc(layout),
+        }
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn dealloc(&self, ptr: *mut u8, layout: Layout) {
+        let mut allocator = self.lock();
+        match list_index(&layout) {
+            Some(index) => {
+                let new_node = ListNode {
+                    next: allocator.list_heads[index].take(),
+                };
+                // verify that block has size and alignment required for storing node
+                assert!(mem::size_of::<ListNode>() <= BLOCK_SIZES[index]);
+                assert!(mem::align_of::<ListNode>() <= BLOCK_SIZES[index]);
+                let new_node_ptr = ptr as *mut ListNode;
+                new_node_ptr.write(new_node);
+                allocator.list_heads[index] = Some(&mut *new_node_ptr);
+            }
+            None => {
+                let ptr = NonNull::new(ptr).unwrap();
+                allocator.fallback_allocator.deallocate(ptr, layout);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

lupos/src/allocator/linked_list.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+use super::{align_up, Locked};
+use alloc::alloc::{GlobalAlloc, Layout};
+use core::{mem, ptr};
+
+struct ListNode {
+    size: usize,
+    next: Option<&'static mut ListNode>,
+}
+const EMPTY: Option<&'static mut ListNode> = None;
+impl ListNode {
+    const fn new(size: usize) -> Self {
+        ListNode { size, next: EMPTY }
+    }
+
+    fn start_addr(&self) -> usize {
+        self as *const Self as usize
+    }
+
+    fn end_addr(&self) -> usize {
+        self.start_addr() + self.size
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct LinkedListAllocator {
+    head: ListNode,
+}
+
+impl LinkedListAllocator {
+    /// Creates an empty LinkedListAllocator.
+    pub const fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            head: ListNode::new(0),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Initialize the allocator with the given heap bounds.
+    ///
+    /// This function is unsafe because the caller must guarantee that the given
+    /// heap bounds are valid and that the heap is unused. This method must be
+    /// called only once.
+    pub unsafe fn init(&mut self, heap_start: usize, heap_size: usize) {
+        self.add_free_region(heap_start, heap_size);
+    }
+
+    /// Adds the given memory region to the front of the list.
+    unsafe fn add_free_region(&mut self, addr: usize, size: usize) {
+        // ensure that the freed region is capable of holding ListNode
+        assert_eq!(align_up(addr, mem::align_of::<ListNode>()), addr);
+        assert!(size >= mem::size_of::<ListNode>());
+
+        // create a new list node and append it at the start of the list
+        let mut node = ListNode::new(size);
+        node.next = self.head.next.take();
+        let node_ptr = addr as *mut ListNode;
+        node_ptr.write(node);
+        self.head.next = Some(&mut *node_ptr)
+    }
+
+    /// Looks for a free region with the given size and alignment and removes
+    /// it from the list.
+    ///
+    /// Returns a tuple of the list node and the start address of the allocation.
+    fn find_region(&mut self, size: usize, align: usize) -> Option<(&'static mut ListNode, usize)> {
+        // reference to current list node, updated for each iteration
+        let mut current = &mut self.head;
+        // look for a large enough memory region in linked list
+        while let Some(ref mut region) = current.next {
+            if let Ok(alloc_start) = Self::alloc_from_region(&region, size, align) {
+                // region suitable for allocation -> remove node from list
+                let next = region.next.take();
+                let ret = Some((current.next.take().unwrap(), alloc_start));
+                current.next = next;
+                return ret;
+            } else {
+                // region not suitable -> continue with next region
+                current = current.next.as_mut().unwrap();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // no suitable region found
+        None
+    }
+
+    /// Try to use the given region for an allocation with given size and alignment.
+    ///
+    /// Returns the allocation start address on success.
+    fn alloc_from_region(region: &ListNode, size: usize, align: usize) -> Result<usize, ()> {
+        let alloc_start = align_up(region.start_addr(), align);
+        let alloc_end = alloc_start.checked_add(size).ok_or(())?;
+
+        if alloc_end > region.end_addr() {
+            // region too small
+            return Err(());
+        }
+
+        let excess_size = region.end_addr() - alloc_end;
+        if excess_size > 0 && excess_size < mem::size_of::<ListNode>() {
+            // rest of region too small to hold a ListNode (required because the
+            // allocation splits the region in a used and a free part)
+            return Err(());
+        }
+
+        // region suitable for allocation
+        Ok(alloc_start)
+    }
+
+    /// Adjust the given layout so that the resulting allocated memory
+    /// region is also capable of storing a `ListNode`.
+    ///
+    /// Returns the adjusted size and alignment as a (size, align) tuple.
+    fn size_align(layout: Layout) -> (usize, usize) {
+        let layout = layout
+            .align_to(mem::align_of::<ListNode>())
+            .expect("adjusting alignment failed")
+            .pad_to_align();
+        let size = layout.size().max(mem::size_of::<ListNode>());
+        (size, layout.align())
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl GlobalAlloc for Locked<LinkedListAllocator> {
+    unsafe fn alloc(&self, layout: Layout) -> *mut u8 {
+        // perform layout adjustments
+        let (size, align) = LinkedListAllocator::size_align(layout);
+        let mut allocator = self.lock();
+
+        if let Some((region, alloc_start)) = allocator.find_region(size, align) {
+            let alloc_end = alloc_start.checked_add(size).expect("overflow");
+            let excess_size = region.end_addr() - alloc_end;
+            if excess_size > 0 {
+                allocator.add_free_region(alloc_end, excess_size);
+            }
+            alloc_start as *mut u8
+        } else {
+            ptr::null_mut()
+        }
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn dealloc(&self, ptr: *mut u8, layout: Layout) {
+        // perform layout adjustments
+        let (size, _) = LinkedListAllocator::size_align(layout);
+
+        self.lock().add_free_region(ptr as usize, size)
+    }
+}

lupos/src/gdt.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+use x86_64::VirtAddr;
+use x86_64::structures::tss::TaskStateSegment;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+
+pub const DOUBLE_FAULT_IST_INDEX: u16 = 0;
+
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref TSS: TaskStateSegment = {
+        let mut tss = TaskStateSegment::new();
+        tss.interrupt_stack_table[DOUBLE_FAULT_IST_INDEX as usize] = {
+            const STACK_SIZE: usize = 4096 * 5;
+            static mut STACK: [u8; STACK_SIZE] = [0; STACK_SIZE];
+
+            let stack_start = VirtAddr::from_ptr(unsafe { &STACK });
+            let stack_end = stack_start + STACK_SIZE;
+            stack_end
+        };
+        tss
+    };
+}
+use x86_64::structures::gdt::{GlobalDescriptorTable, Descriptor};
+use x86_64::structures::gdt::SegmentSelector;
+
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref GDT: (GlobalDescriptorTable, Selectors) = {
+        let mut gdt = GlobalDescriptorTable::new();
+        let code_selector = gdt.add_entry(Descriptor::kernel_code_segment());
+        let tss_selector = gdt.add_entry(Descriptor::tss_segment(&TSS));
+        (gdt, Selectors { code_selector, tss_selector })
+    };
+}
+
+struct Selectors {
+    code_selector: SegmentSelector,
+    tss_selector: SegmentSelector,
+}
+pub fn init() {
+    use x86_64::instructions::tables::load_tss;
+    use x86_64::instructions::segmentation::{CS, Segment};
+    
+    GDT.0.load();
+    unsafe {
+        CS::set_reg(GDT.1.code_selector);
+        load_tss(GDT.1.tss_selector);
+    }
+}

lupos/src/interrupts.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+use x86_64::structures::idt::{InterruptDescriptorTable, InterruptStackFrame};
+use crate::println;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use crate::keyboard_interrupts;
+use keyboard_interrupts::keyboard_intertupt;
+
+use crate::gdt;
+use pic8259::ChainedPics;
+use spin;
+
+pub const PIC_1_OFFSET: u8 = 32;
+pub const PIC_2_OFFSET: u8 = PIC_1_OFFSET + 8;
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum InterruptIndex {
+    Timer = PIC_1_OFFSET,
+    Keyboard,
+}
+
+impl InterruptIndex {
+    fn as_u8(self) -> u8 {
+        self as u8
+    }
+
+    fn as_usize(self) -> usize {
+        usize::from(self.as_u8())
+    }
+}
+pub static PICS: spin::Mutex<ChainedPics> =
+    spin::Mutex::new(unsafe { ChainedPics::new(PIC_1_OFFSET, PIC_2_OFFSET) });
+
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref IDT: InterruptDescriptorTable = {
+        let mut idt = InterruptDescriptorTable::new();
+        idt.breakpoint.set_handler_fn(breakpoint_handler);
+        unsafe {
+            idt.double_fault.set_handler_fn(double_fault_handler)
+                .set_stack_index(gdt::DOUBLE_FAULT_IST_INDEX); // new
+        }
+        idt[InterruptIndex::Timer.as_usize()]
+            .set_handler_fn(timer_interrupt_handler); // new
+        // new
+        idt[InterruptIndex::Keyboard.as_usize()]
+            .set_handler_fn(keyboard_interrupt_handler);
+        idt.page_fault.set_handler_fn(page_fault_handler);
+        idt
+    };
+}
+
+//  new
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn double_fault_handler(
+    stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame, _error_code: u64) -> !
+{
+    panic!("EXCEPTION: DOUBLE FAULT\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
+}
+
+
+pub fn init_idt() {
+    IDT.load();
+}   
+
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn breakpoint_handler(
+    stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame)
+{
+    println!("EXCEPTION: BREAKPOINT\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
+}
+
+#[test_case]
+fn test_breakpoint_exception() {
+    // invoke a breakpoint exception
+    x86_64::instructions::interrupts::int3();
+}
+
+
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn timer_interrupt_handler(
+    _stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame)
+{
+    unsafe {
+        PICS.lock()
+            .notify_end_of_interrupt(InterruptIndex::Timer.as_u8());
+    }
+}
+
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn keyboard_interrupt_handler(
+    _stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame)
+{
+    keyboard_intertupt();
+    unsafe {
+        PICS.lock()
+            .notify_end_of_interrupt(InterruptIndex::Keyboard.as_u8());
+    }
+}
+
+use x86_64::structures::idt::PageFaultErrorCode;
+use crate::hlt_loop;
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn page_fault_handler(
+    stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame,
+    error_code: PageFaultErrorCode,
+) {
+    use x86_64::registers::control::Cr2;
+
+    println!("EXCEPTION: PAGE FAULT");
+    println!("Accessed Address: {:?}", Cr2::read());
+    println!("Error Code: {:?}", error_code);
+    println!("{:#?}", stack_frame);
+    hlt_loop();
+}

lupos/src/keyboard_interrupts.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+use crate::println;
+use crate::print;
+use crate::vga_buffer::WRITER;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use crate::move_cursor_back;
+use crate::simple_commands;
+use simple_commands::simple_commands_help;
+use simple_commands::simple_commands_lupus;
+
+use pc_keyboard::{layouts, DecodedKey, HandleControl, Keyboard, ScancodeSet1};
+use spin::Mutex;
+use x86_64::instructions::port::Port;
+use alloc::string::String;
+
+pub fn keyboard_intertupt() {
+    lazy_static! {
+        static ref KEYBOARD: Mutex<Keyboard<layouts::Us104Key, ScancodeSet1>> =
+            Mutex::new(Keyboard::new(layouts::Us104Key, ScancodeSet1,
+                HandleControl::Ignore)
+            );
+    }
+    static mut WHOLE_STRING: String = String::new();
+    let mut keyboard = KEYBOARD.lock();
+    let mut port = Port::new(0x60);
+
+    let scancode: u8 = unsafe { port.read() };
+    if let Ok(Some(key_event)) = keyboard.add_byte(scancode) {
+        if let Some(key) = keyboard.process_keyevent(key_event) {
+            match key {
+                DecodedKey::Unicode(character) => {
+                    unsafe {
+                        // Handle Backspace (ASCII 0x08)
+                        match character{
+                            '\x08' => {move_cursor_back!(); WHOLE_STRING.pop();},
+                            '\n' => {print!("{}", character); check_command_list(WHOLE_STRING.as_str()); WHOLE_STRING.clear();},
+                            _ => {print!("{}", character); WHOLE_STRING.push(character);}, // Füge das Zeichen zum Puffer hinzu
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                DecodedKey::RawKey(key) => print!("{:?}", key),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn check_command_list(command: &str) {
+    match command{
+        "help" => simple_commands_help(),
+        "lupus" => simple_commands_lupus(),
+        _ => print!("Invalid Input"),
+    }
+}

lupos/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#![no_std]
+#![feature(abi_x86_interrupt)]
+#![cfg_attr(test, no_main)]
+#![feature(custom_test_frameworks)]
+#![test_runner(crate::test_runner)]
+#![reexport_test_harness_main = "test_main"]
+
+pub mod serial;
+pub mod vga_buffer;
+pub mod interrupts;
+pub mod gdt;
+pub mod memory;
+pub mod keyboard_interrupts;
+pub mod simple_commands;
+
+extern crate alloc;
+
+pub mod allocator;
+
+use core::panic::PanicInfo;
+
+pub trait Testable {
+    fn run(&self) -> ();
+}
+
+impl<T> Testable for T
+where
+    T: Fn(),
+{
+    fn run(&self) {
+        serial_print!("{}...\t", core::any::type_name::<T>());
+        self();
+        serial_println!("[ok]");
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn test_runner(tests: &[&dyn Testable]) {
+    serial_println!("Running {} tests", tests.len());
+    for test in tests {
+        test.run();
+    }
+    exit_qemu(QemuExitCode::Success);
+}
+
+pub fn test_panic_handler(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
+    serial_println!("[failed]\n");
+    serial_println!("Error: {}\n", info);
+    exit_qemu(QemuExitCode::Failed);
+    hlt_loop();
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+use bootloader::{entry_point, BootInfo};
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+entry_point!(test_kernel_main);
+
+/// Entry point for `cargo test`
+#[cfg(test)]
+fn test_kernel_main(_boot_info: &'static BootInfo) -> ! {
+    // like before
+    init();
+    test_main();
+    hlt_loop();
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[panic_handler]
+fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
+    test_panic_handler(info)
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[repr(u32)]
+pub enum QemuExitCode {
+    Success = 0x10,
+    Failed = 0x11,
+}
+
+pub fn exit_qemu(exit_code: QemuExitCode) {
+    use x86_64::instructions::port::Port;
+
+    unsafe {
+        let mut port = Port::new(0xf4);
+        port.write(exit_code as u32);
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn init() {
+    gdt::init();
+    interrupts::init_idt();
+    unsafe { interrupts::PICS.lock().initialize() };
+    x86_64::instructions::interrupts::enable();
+}
+
+pub fn hlt_loop() -> ! {
+    loop {
+        x86_64::instructions::hlt();
+    }
+}

lupos/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#![no_std]
+#![no_main]
+#![feature(custom_test_frameworks)]
+#![feature(const_mut_refs)]
+#![test_runner(lupos::test_runner)]
+#![reexport_test_harness_main = "test_main"]
+
+use core::panic::PanicInfo;
+use lupos::println;
+use lupos:: print;
+use bootloader::{BootInfo, entry_point};
+use alloc::{boxed::Box, vec, vec::Vec, rc::Rc};
+
+extern crate alloc;
+
+entry_point!(kernel_main);
+
+fn kernel_main(boot_info: &'static BootInfo) -> ! {
+    use lupos::memory;
+    use lupos::allocator;
+    use x86_64::{structures::paging::Page, VirtAddr};
+    use lupos::memory::BootInfoFrameAllocator;
+    println!("Cave Canem{}", "!");
+
+    lupos::init(); // new
+
+    let phys_mem_offset = VirtAddr::new(boot_info.physical_memory_offset);
+    let mut mapper = unsafe { memory::init(phys_mem_offset) };
+    let mut frame_allocator = unsafe { BootInfoFrameAllocator::init(&boot_info.memory_map) };
+
+    allocator::init_heap(&mut mapper, &mut frame_allocator).expect("heap initialization failed");
+
+    let page = Page::containing_address(VirtAddr::new(0xdeadbeaf000));
+    memory::create_example_mapping(page, &mut mapper, &mut frame_allocator);
+    
+    // create a reference counted vector -> will be freed when count reaches 0
+    let reference_counted = Rc::new(vec![1, 2, 3]);
+    let cloned_reference = reference_counted.clone();
+    println!(
+        "current reference count is {}",
+        Rc::strong_count(&cloned_reference)
+    );
+    core::mem::drop(reference_counted);
+    println!(
+        "reference count is {} now",
+        Rc::strong_count(&cloned_reference)
+    );
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    test_main();
+
+    println!("It did not crash!");
+    lupos::hlt_loop();
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(test))]
+#[panic_handler]
+fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
+    println!("{}", info);
+    lupos::hlt_loop();            // new
+}
+
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[panic_handler]
+fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
+    lupos::test_panic_handler(info)
+}

lupos/src/memory.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+use x86_64::{
+    structures::paging::PageTable,
+    VirtAddr,
+};
+use x86_64::{
+    PhysAddr,
+    structures::paging::{Page, PhysFrame, Mapper, Size4KiB, FrameAllocator}
+};
+
+/// Creates an example mapping for the given page to frame `0xb8000`.
+pub fn create_example_mapping(
+    page: Page,
+    mapper: &mut OffsetPageTable,
+    frame_allocator: &mut impl FrameAllocator<Size4KiB>,
+) {
+    use x86_64::structures::paging::PageTableFlags as Flags;
+
+    let frame = PhysFrame::containing_address(PhysAddr::new(0xb8000));
+    let flags = Flags::PRESENT | Flags::WRITABLE;
+
+    let map_to_result = unsafe {
+        // FIXME: this is not safe, we do it only for testing
+        mapper.map_to(page, frame, flags, frame_allocator)
+    };
+    map_to_result.expect("map_to failed").flush();
+}
+/// Returns a mutable reference to the active level 4 table.
+///
+/// This function is unsafe because the caller must guarantee that the
+/// complete physical memory is mapped to virtual memory at the passed
+/// `physical_memory_offset`. Also, this function must be only called once
+/// to avoid aliasing `&mut` references (which is undefined behavior).
+
+use x86_64::structures::paging::OffsetPageTable;
+
+/// Initialize a new OffsetPageTable.
+///
+/// This function is unsafe because the caller must guarantee that the
+/// complete physical memory is mapped to virtual memory at the passed
+/// `physical_memory_offset`. Also, this function must be only called once
+/// to avoid aliasing `&mut` references (which is undefined behavior).
+pub unsafe fn init(physical_memory_offset: VirtAddr) -> OffsetPageTable<'static> {
+    let level_4_table = active_level_4_table(physical_memory_offset);
+    OffsetPageTable::new(level_4_table, physical_memory_offset)
+}
+
+unsafe fn active_level_4_table(physical_memory_offset: VirtAddr)
+    -> &'static mut PageTable
+{
+    use x86_64::registers::control::Cr3;
+
+    let (level_4_table_frame, _) = Cr3::read();
+
+    let phys = level_4_table_frame.start_address();
+    let virt = physical_memory_offset + phys.as_u64();
+    let page_table_ptr: *mut PageTable = virt.as_mut_ptr();
+
+    &mut *page_table_ptr // unsafe
+}
+
+
+/// Translates the given virtual address to the mapped physical address, or
+/// `None` if the address is not mapped.
+///
+/// This function is unsafe because the caller must guarantee that the
+/// complete physical memory is mapped to virtual memory at the passed
+/// `physical_memory_offset`.
+pub unsafe fn translate_addr(addr: VirtAddr, physical_memory_offset: VirtAddr)
+    -> Option<PhysAddr>
+{
+    translate_addr_inner(addr, physical_memory_offset)
+}
+
+/// Private function that is called by `translate_addr`.
+///
+/// This function is safe to limit the scope of `unsafe` because Rust treats
+/// the whole body of unsafe functions as an unsafe block. This function must
+/// only be reachable through `unsafe fn` from outside of this module.
+fn translate_addr_inner(addr: VirtAddr, physical_memory_offset: VirtAddr)
+    -> Option<PhysAddr>
+{
+    use x86_64::structures::paging::page_table::FrameError;
+    use x86_64::registers::control::Cr3;
+
+    // read the active level 4 frame from the CR3 register
+    let (level_4_table_frame, _) = Cr3::read();
+
+    let table_indexes = [
+        addr.p4_index(), addr.p3_index(), addr.p2_index(), addr.p1_index()
+    ];
+    let mut frame = level_4_table_frame;
+
+    // traverse the multi-level page table
+    for &index in &table_indexes {
+        // convert the frame into a page table reference
+        let virt = physical_memory_offset + frame.start_address().as_u64();
+        let table_ptr: *const PageTable = virt.as_ptr();
+        let table = unsafe {&*table_ptr};
+
+        // read the page table entry and update `frame`
+        let entry = &table[index];
+        frame = match entry.frame() {
+            Ok(frame) => frame,
+            Err(FrameError::FrameNotPresent) => return None,
+            Err(FrameError::HugeFrame) => panic!("huge pages not supported"),
+        };
+    }
+
+    // calculate the physical address by adding the page offset
+    Some(frame.start_address() + u64::from(addr.page_offset()))
+}
+
+/// A FrameAllocator that always returns `None`.
+pub struct EmptyFrameAllocator;
+
+unsafe impl FrameAllocator<Size4KiB> for EmptyFrameAllocator {
+    fn allocate_frame(&mut self) -> Option<PhysFrame> {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+use bootloader::bootinfo::MemoryMap;
+
+/// A FrameAllocator that returns usable frames from the bootloader's memory map.
+pub struct BootInfoFrameAllocator {
+    memory_map: &'static MemoryMap,
+    next: usize,
+}
+
+impl BootInfoFrameAllocator {
+    /// Create a FrameAllocator from the passed memory map.
+    ///
+    /// This function is unsafe because the caller must guarantee that the passed
+    /// memory map is valid. The main requirement is that all frames that are marked
+    /// as `USABLE` in it are really unused.
+    pub unsafe fn init(memory_map: &'static MemoryMap) -> Self {
+        BootInfoFrameAllocator {
+            memory_map,
+            next: 0,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+use bootloader::bootinfo::MemoryRegionType;
+
+impl BootInfoFrameAllocator {
+    /// Returns an iterator over the usable frames specified in the memory map.
+    fn usable_frames(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = PhysFrame> {
+        // get usable regions from memory map
+        let regions = self.memory_map.iter();
+        let usable_regions = regions
+            .filter(|r| r.region_type == MemoryRegionType::Usable);
+        // map each region to its address range
+        let addr_ranges = usable_regions
+            .map(|r| r.range.start_addr()..r.range.end_addr());
+        // transform to an iterator of frame start addresses
+        let frame_addresses = addr_ranges.flat_map(|r| r.step_by(4096));
+        // create `PhysFrame` types from the start addresses
+        frame_addresses.map(|addr| PhysFrame::containing_address(PhysAddr::new(addr)))
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl FrameAllocator<Size4KiB> for BootInfoFrameAllocator {
+    fn allocate_frame(&mut self) -> Option<PhysFrame> {
+        let frame = self.usable_frames().nth(self.next);
+        self.next += 1;
+        frame
+    }
+}

lupos/src/serial.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+use uart_16550::SerialPort;
+use spin::Mutex;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+
+lazy_static! {
+    pub static ref SERIAL1: Mutex<SerialPort> = {
+        let mut serial_port = unsafe { SerialPort::new(0x3F8) };
+        serial_port.init();
+        Mutex::new(serial_port)
+    };
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub fn _print(args: ::core::fmt::Arguments) {
+    use core::fmt::Write;
+    use x86_64::instructions::interrupts;       // new
+
+    interrupts::without_interrupts(|| {         // new
+        SERIAL1
+            .lock()
+            .write_fmt(args)
+            .expect("Printing to serial failed");
+    });
+}
+
+/// Prints to the host through the serial interface.
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! serial_print {
+    ($($arg:tt)*) => {
+        $crate::serial::_print(format_args!($($arg)*));
+    };
+}
+
+/// Prints to the host through the serial interface, appending a newline.
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! serial_println {
+    () => ($crate::serial_print!("\n"));
+    ($fmt:expr) => ($crate::serial_print!(concat!($fmt, "\n")));
+    ($fmt:expr, $($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::serial_print!(
+        concat!($fmt, "\n"), $($arg)*));
+}

lupos/src/simple_commands.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+use crate::println;
+use crate::print;
+
+pub fn simple_commands_help() {
+    println!("List of simple commands:");
+    println!("      - help: Shows this table");
+    println!("      - lupus: Bark Woof");
+}
+
+pub fn simple_commands_lupus() {
+    println!("Wooo00oof!");
+}

lupos/src/vga_buffer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+
+pub enum Color {
+    Black = 0,
+    Blue = 1,
+    Green = 2,
+    Cyan = 3,
+    Red = 4,
+    Magenta = 5,
+    Brown = 6,
+    LightGray = 7,
+    DarkGray = 8,
+    LightBlue = 9,
+    LightGreen = 10,
+    LightCyan = 11,
+    LightRed = 12,
+    Pink = 13,
+    Yellow = 14,
+    White = 15,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[repr(transparent)]
+struct ColorCode(u8);
+
+impl ColorCode {
+    fn new(foreground: Color, background: Color) -> ColorCode {
+        ColorCode((background as u8) << 4 | (foreground as u8))
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[repr(C)]
+struct ScreenChar {
+    ascii_character: u8,
+    color_code: ColorCode,
+}
+
+const BUFFER_HEIGHT: usize = 25;
+const BUFFER_WIDTH: usize = 80;
+
+pub struct Writer {
+    column_position: usize,
+    color_code: ColorCode,
+    buffer: &'static mut Buffer,
+}
+
+impl Writer {
+    pub fn write_byte(&mut self, byte: u8) {
+        match byte {
+            b'\n' => self.new_line(),
+            byte=> {
+                if self.column_position >= BUFFER_WIDTH {
+                    self.new_line();
+                }
+
+                let row = BUFFER_HEIGHT - 1;
+                let col = self.column_position;
+
+                let color_code = self.color_code;
+                self.buffer.chars[row][col].write(ScreenChar {
+                    ascii_character: byte,
+                    color_code,
+                });
+                self.column_position += 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn new_line(&mut self) {
+        for row in 1..BUFFER_HEIGHT {
+            for col in 0..BUFFER_WIDTH {
+                let character = self.buffer.chars[row][col].read();
+                self.buffer.chars[row - 1][col].write(character);
+            }
+        }
+        self.clear_row(BUFFER_HEIGHT - 1);
+        self.column_position = 0;
+    }
+
+    fn clear_row(&mut self, row: usize) {
+            let blank = ScreenChar {
+                ascii_character: b' ',
+                color_code: self.color_code,
+            };
+            for col in 0..BUFFER_WIDTH {
+                self.buffer.chars[row][col].write(blank);
+            }
+    }
+    pub fn write_string(&mut self, s: &str) {
+        for byte in s.bytes() {
+            match byte {
+                // printable ASCII byte or newline
+                0x20..=0x7e | b'\n' => self.write_byte(byte),
+                // not part of printable ASCII range
+                _ => self.write_byte(0xfe),
+            }
+
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn move_cursor_back(&mut self) {
+        if self.column_position > 0 {
+            self.column_position -= 1;
+            self.write_byte(b' '); // Überschreibt das Zeichen mit einem Leerzeichen
+            self.column_position -= 1; // Bewegt den Cursor zurück
+        }
+    }
+    
+}
+
+use alloc::borrow::ToOwned;
+use volatile::Volatile;
+
+struct Buffer {
+    chars: [[Volatile<ScreenChar>; BUFFER_WIDTH]; BUFFER_HEIGHT],
+}
+
+use core::borrow::{Borrow, BorrowMut};
+use core::fmt;
+
+impl fmt::Write for Writer {
+    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.write_string(s);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+use spin::Mutex;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+lazy_static! {
+    pub static ref WRITER: Mutex<Writer> = Mutex::new(Writer {
+        column_position: 0,
+        color_code: ColorCode::new(Color::Yellow, Color::Black),
+        buffer: unsafe { &mut *(0xb8000 as *mut Buffer) },
+    });
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! move_cursor_back {
+    ($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::vga_buffer::_move_cursor_back());
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! print {
+    ($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::vga_buffer::_print(format_args!($($arg)*)));
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! println {
+    () => ($crate::print!("\n"));
+    ($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::print!("{}\n", format_args!($($arg)*)));
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub fn _move_cursor_back() {
+    use x86_64::instructions::interrupts;
+
+    interrupts::without_interrupts(|| {
+        WRITER.lock().move_cursor_back();
+    });
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub fn _print(args: fmt::Arguments) {
+    use core::fmt::Write;
+    use x86_64::instructions::interrupts;   // new
+
+    interrupts::without_interrupts(|| {     // new
+        WRITER.lock().write_fmt(args).unwrap();
+    });
+}
+
+#[test_case]
+fn test_println_output() {
+    use core::fmt::Write;
+    use x86_64::instructions::interrupts;
+
+    let s = "Some test string that fits on a single line";
+    interrupts::without_interrupts(|| {
+        let mut writer = WRITER.lock();
+        writeln!(writer, "\n{}", s).expect("writeln failed");
+        for (i, c) in s.chars().enumerate() {
+            let screen_char = writer.buffer.chars[BUFFER_HEIGHT - 2][i].read();
+            assert_eq!(char::from(screen_char.ascii_character), c);
+        }
+    });
+}
+

lupos/target/.rustc_info.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"rustc_fingerprint":9721516820068853826,"outputs":{"7971740275564407648":{"success":true,"status":"","code":0,"stdout":"___\nlib___.rlib\nlib___.so\nlib___.so\nlib___.a\nlib___.so\n/home/kuro/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu\noff\npacked\nunpacked\n___\ndebug_assertions\npanic=\"unwind\"\nproc_macro\ntarget_abi=\"\"\ntarget_arch=\"x86_64\"\ntarget_endian=\"little\"\ntarget_env=\"gnu\"\ntarget_family=\"unix\"\ntarget_feature=\"fxsr\"\ntarget_feature=\"sse\"\ntarget_feature=\"sse2\"\ntarget_has_atomic=\"16\"\ntarget_has_atomic=\"32\"\ntarget_has_atomic=\"64\"\ntarget_has_atomic=\"8\"\ntarget_has_atomic=\"ptr\"\ntarget_os=\"linux\"\ntarget_pointer_width=\"64\"\ntarget_vendor=\"unknown\"\nunix\n","stderr":""},"17747080675513052775":{"success":true,"status":"","code":0,"stdout":"rustc 1.88.0 (6b00bc388 2025-06-23)\nbinary: rustc\ncommit-hash: 6b00bc3880198600130e1cf62b8f8a93494488cc\ncommit-date: 2025-06-23\nhost: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu\nrelease: 1.88.0\nLLVM version: 20.1.5\n","stderr":""},"17176222793216693274":{"success":true,"status":"","code":0,"stdout":"___\nlib___.rlib\nlib___.a\n/home/kuro/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu\noff\n___\ndebug_assertions\npanic=\"abort\"\nproc_macro\ntarget_abi=\"\"\ntarget_arch=\"x86_64\"\ntarget_endian=\"little\"\ntarget_env=\"\"\ntarget_feature=\"sse\"\ntarget_feature=\"sse2\"\ntarget_has_atomic=\"16\"\ntarget_has_atomic=\"32\"\ntarget_has_atomic=\"64\"\ntarget_has_atomic=\"8\"\ntarget_has_atomic=\"ptr\"\ntarget_os=\"none\"\ntarget_pointer_width=\"64\"\ntarget_vendor=\"unknown\"\n","stderr":"warning: dropping unsupported crate type `dylib` for target `x86_64-lupos-7114822090336562849`\n\nwarning: dropping unsupported crate type `cdylib` for target `x86_64-lupos-7114822090336562849`\n\nwarning: dropping unsupported crate type `proc-macro` for target `x86_64-lupos-7114822090336562849`\n\nwarning: 3 warnings emitted\n\n"}},"successes":{}}

lupos/x86_64-lupos.json

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+    "llvm-target": "x86_64-unknown-none",
+    "data-layout": "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128",
+    "arch": "x86_64",
+    "target-endian": "little",
+    "target-pointer-width": "64",
+    "target-c-int-width": "32",
+    "os": "none",
+    "executables": true,
+    "linker-flavor": "ld.lld",
+    "linker": "rust-lld",
+    "panic-strategy": "abort",
+    "features": "-mmx,+sse"
+}